Search for Open Cluster Groups in the Cygnus Region Based on Gaia DR3 Data postprint

Abstract: The formation mechanisms of open cluster groups remain unclear due to limited samples and data precision. Therefore, there is a need to expand the sample size of primordial open cluster groups to provide reliable observational constraints for further studies on the formation and evolution mechanism of open clusters. Based on Gaia DR3 data, the parameters of previously reported open clusters have been redetermined. Four new open cluster groups, G1, G2, G3, and G4, were discovered in the Cygnus region based on the spatial distribution and kinematic properties. These four open cluster groups each occupy a distinct spatial region, with member clusters closely adjacent and exhibiting consistent velocities, indicating that they formed within the same giant molecular cloud. The star formation durations of the four open cluster groups are 13 Ma, 29 Ma, 10 Ma, and 12 Ma, respectively. These durations align with the timescales of continuous star formation events, suggesting that the members of the open cluster group may have formed sequentially. After distance correction using Bayesian methods, G1 and G2 exhibit filamentary distributions, while G3 and G4 are more concentrated. Additionally, some members in G1 and G2 show less apparent interactions, while those in G3 and G4 exhibit significant interactions. Finally, the analysis of the orbital motion of these four open cluster groups within the Milky Way indicates that their members will gradually disperse, eventually evolving into independent open clusters.