Explain complex astronomical observation experiments to middle school students using simple physics methods

Abstract: Like other branches of physics, astronomy involves both experimentation and theory. Theoretical astronomy uses the same tools and methods as other branches of theoretical physics. However, experimental astronomy differs from other experimental disciplines because we cannot control the subjects of astronomical experiments; we can only observe various astronomical phenomena in the universe. However, in practice, there is little difference between the design and execution of experiments in physics and the design and execution of astronomical observations. Of course, there is no particular difference between the methods of scientific inquiry in the two contexts. This article uses the simplest physics methods to explain complex astronomical observation experiments to middle school students.