分类： 天文学 提交时间： 2024-01-31 合作期刊: 《天文学报》
摘要： 目前已发现了285颗围绕太阳系八大行星公转的卫星, 它们的轨道和物理性质呈现了丰富多样性. 目前为止, 几乎所有的卫星研究工作都基于单个卫星系统或者卫星群, 似乎缺少统一的研究. 提出了一个新的与行星性质无关、只与恒星半径有关的轨道参数$n$, 定义为以太阳半径为单位的轨道半长轴的自然对数. 不同行星的卫星的$n$值都存在双极分布, 绝大部分卫星在$n\gtrsim2$区间, 其次在$n\lesssim-1$区间, 位于中间区域的行星则很少. 从卫星物理参数和轨道参数与$n$的关系中发现, 分属六大行星的卫星有明显的共同特征. 首先, 轨道偏心率和轨道倾角偏大的卫星的$n$值都在3.5左右, 它们都是巨行星的不规则卫星. 其次, $n$值在$-$1和1之间的卫星绝大部分体积大、质量大、反照率高、自转速度慢. 从文献中找到11颗系外卫星候选体, 获得了它们轨道$n$值和卫星质量, 发现后者也是在$-1
分类： 天文学 提交时间： 2024-01-31 合作期刊: 《天文学报》
摘要： 在这篇文章中, 提出了一种基于改进的指数平滑和Vondrak\_Cepek联合平滑的氢铯综合时间尺度产生方法. 以最小误差方法为理论基础, 动态估计氢原子钟频率漂移参数, 提升氢原子钟钟差预测准确度; 基于改进的二次指数平滑产生氢原子钟组时间尺度、加权平均方法产生铯原子钟时间尺度, 同时设计Vondrak\_Cepek滤波器以结合两类时间尺度长短期稳定度优势, 提升综合时间尺度性能. 实验结果表明, 所提方法产生的氢铯综合时间尺度时稳可达$1.60 \times 10^{-15}$, 天稳可达$3 \times 10^{-15}$, 优于ALGOS、AT1和Kalman滤波3种经典方法产生的时间尺度性能.
分类： 天文学 提交时间： 2024-01-31 合作期刊: 《天文学报》
摘要： 利用CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload)、GRACE-A (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment-A)、SWARM-C (The Earth's Magnetic Field and Environment Explorers-C)等3颗极轨卫星的资料, 研究360--480\;km高层大气密度在低纬度区域的午夜极大值(Midnight Density Maximum, MDM)现象. MDM一般出现在23:00---02:00\;LT (Local Time)之间, 峰值位置在低纬度${15}^\circ$以内, 谷值位置在中纬度${35}^\circ$--${45}^\circ$附近, 整体略偏向南半球, 振幅约为平均密度的26\%. 随着高度增大以及太阳辐射水平的增强, MDM振幅呈减小趋势; 冬至和夏至日附近的季节效应会减弱MDM振幅, 在春秋分日的振幅最大. 用3个主流大气模型\lk DTM2000 (Drag Temperature Model 2000), NRLMSISE00 (US Naval Research Laboratory, Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter radar)和JB2008 (Jacchia-Bowman 2008 model)对MDM进行模拟, JB2008没有刻画出MDM现象; 另两个模型低估了MDM效应, 在360\;km和480\;km两个高度DTM2000模型的振幅仅为观测的46\%和53\%, NRLMSISE00模型仅为观测的33\%和26\%; 模型没有准确刻画出MDM与高度、辐射水平和季节的关系. 联合3颗卫星的资料, 研究了一种基于地理纬度的6阶勒让德多项式, 同时融合地方时和高度因素的经验函数, 在振幅和相位上可以较好地刻画MDM特征, 相关系数达到0.923, 可为大气密度模型的修正提供借鉴, 服务于低轨道航天器高精度轨道预报.
分类： 天文学 提交时间： 2024-01-31 合作期刊: 《天文学报》
摘要： 基于多波段的观测数据, 研究了黑子本影振荡在太阳大气不同高度或温度的振荡特征. 目标黑子发生在2017年9月15日, 位于活动区12680. 多波段的观测数据包括AIA (Atmospheric Imaging Assembly)的极紫外成像及IRIS (Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph)的紫外光谱和成像. 在太阳黑子的本影位置, AIA 1700\;{\AA}\lk光变曲线的振荡周期约为(4.2$\pm$0.8)\;min, 而AIA 1600\;{\AA}、171\;{\AA}和193\;{\AA}光变曲线的振荡周期约为(2.8$\pm$0.3)\;\lk min. IRIS 的Mg II h和k谱线及远紫外成像(2796\;{\AA})都表现为(3.1$\pm$0.5)\;min的准周期振荡, 而谱线Si IV 1393.76\;\lk{\AA}的振荡周期约为(2.9$\pm$0.4)\;min. 观测结果说明黑子本影的振荡周期随着太阳大气高度的升高而逐渐减小. \lk较短的周期可认为是3\;min振荡, 很可能与黑子本影上方的慢磁声波有关, 它起源于温度极小区并向上传播到日冕. 较长的周期可解释为光球的5\;min振荡, 与太阳的P模振荡有关.
分类： 天文学 提交时间： 2024-01-31 合作期刊: 《天文学报》
摘要： 连线干涉测量(Connected Element Interferometry, CEI)是一种全天时全天候的被动测角技术, 已用于空间目标的跟踪监视. 地球静止轨道(Geostationary Earth Orbit, GEO)卫星需要频繁机动以保持轨位或完成其他任务, 其机动后的快速轨道恢复能力对于监视预警极为重要. 针对基于CEI的GEO短弧定轨和预报, 分析了定轨算法的形亏和数亏, 在附加先验轨道约束的短弧定轨基础上, 提出了轨道半长轴初值的自适应优化方法. 利用亚太七号卫星的CEI仿真和实测数据进行了短弧定轨和预报, 实验结果表明, 采用优化后的半长轴初值, 30\;min短弧定轨和10\;min预报的卫星位置分量精度均优于4\;km, 能够满足非合作GEO目标机动后快速轨道恢复的需求.
分类： 天文学 提交时间： 2024-01-31 合作期刊: 《天文学报》
摘要： 流星光学监测网是定位陨石和观测火流星的基础科研设施. 流星光学监测系统利用光学相机高速采集天空图像, 使用嵌入式系统实时处理数据, 能够快速识别流星并获取流星位置和陨石落点信息, 是构成流星监测网的关键仪器. 为提高流星光学监测系统获取信息的实时性及准确性, 提出了一种基于嵌入式人工智能设备的流星光学监测系统. 该系统由软件及硬件部分组成: 硬件部分包括观测设备(商用高空抛物摄像头)以及数据处理设备(嵌入式人工智能设备); 软件部分运行于数据处理设备内, 主要包括控制界面模块、流星监测模块、数据管理模块. 实际工作时, 摄像头采集天空视频信息, 流星监测模块从视频流中实时监测流星并存储包含流星视频的数据, 数据管理模块将流星位置信息实时传回数据中心用于预警. 观测结束后, 将原始观测数据同步至数据中心用于后续科学研究. 在整个系统中, 流星监测模块决定了整个监测系统的实时性及准确性. 该系统采用嵌入式人工智能设备与人工智能算法结合的方法构建流星监测模块. 通过使用实测数据对搭载监测模块性能进行测试, 结果表明: 流星监测模块能够达到0.28\%的低误检率以及100\%的召回率, 且数据处理速度达到了Mobilenetv2的8倍. 进一步将包含监测模块的整个流星光学监测系统部署于太原理工大学-张壁古堡远程天文台, 通过实测表明流星光学监测系统实用中能达到100\%的召回率和较低的误检率.
分类： 天文学 提交时间： 2024-01-31 合作期刊: 《天文学报》
摘要： CK型陨石是一类高度氧化的碳质球粒陨石, 金属/磁铁矿的比值接近零. 与其它类型的碳质球粒陨石(岩石类型: 1--3)不同, 大多数CK型陨石在母体上经历了强烈的热变质过程(550--1270\;K), 以4--6型为主. 多项证据表明, CK和CV3型陨石具有成因联系. 但是, 两者在岩相结构和化学组成方面仍存在微小差异. 因此, 精细地区分和比较两者的地球化学特征对于验证CK-CV单一母体假说非常重要. Northwest Africa (NWA) 13943是一块新发现的陨石, 经历过较强烈的热变质作用. 利用扫描电子显微镜和电子探针, 确定了NWA 13943的岩石类型. 并运用质谱分析技术, 重点测定了NWA 13943陨石的全岩氧同位素和铬同位素组成. 综合岩石结构、矿物化学成分、氧同位素异常($\Delta^{17}$O, $\Delta$代表同位素分馏值)和铬同位素异常($\varepsilon^{54}$Cr, $\varepsilon$表示样品中的同位素比值与标样中的同位素比值的相对偏差的10$^{4}$倍), CK和CV型陨石的母体可能形成于原行星盘中两个相似但不同的化学源区.
分类： 天文学 提交时间： 2024-01-31 合作期刊: 《天文学报》
摘要： 北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou navigation satellite System, BDS)已于2020年7月正式建成并开通, 北斗三号(BDS-3)在旧信号B1I和B3I的基础上, 增加了B1C、B2a新信号. 为了全面评估BDS-3的新信号B1C、B2a的定位性能, 试验了GPS (Global Positioning System)、BDS-3、BDS-2/BDS-3新旧信号的定位性能和BDS系统不同频点与GPS组合定位性能, 对BDS (B1I+B3I、B1C/B2a)+GPS (L1+L2)组合静态PPP (Precise Point Positioning)定位性能进行分析, 并与单卫星系统对比分析. 试验结果表明: BDS-3 (B1C/B2a)在East (E)、\lk North (N)、Up (U)方向的定位精度优于1.25\;cm、0.89\;cm、1.67\;cm, BDS-3新旧频点在E、N方向上定位精度与GPS L1/L2 在同一水平上, U方向上新频点定位精度高于GPS L1/L2和BDS-3旧频点, 较旧频点定位精度提升了34.2\%, 新频点收敛时间25.9\;min比旧频点提升了12.7\%; 相较于BDS、GPS单系统, 组合系统BDS/GPS定位精度和收敛时间有了明显的提高, BDS-3 (B1C/B2a)+GPS在E、N方向上与BDS-3 (B1I/B3I)+GPS定位精度相当, 在U方向上定位精度前者较后者有了明显的提升, 提升了17.2\%, 组合系统新频点收敛时间20.1\;min比旧频点提升了17.6\%.
分类： 天文学 提交时间： 2024-01-31 合作期刊: 《天文学报》
摘要： 以球状星团NGC (New General Catalogue) 104、NGC 5139、NGC 6121为实验样区, 选取了视差等10个恒星参数, 通过引入地学中的空间分析理论和相应的分析框架为定量描述球状星团成员星的空间分布特征提出了一种基于地学的研究范式. 通过计算全局和局部莫兰(Moran)指数得到球状星团成员星各恒星参数的空间分布特征. 研究结果表明: 球状星团NGC 104、NGC 5139、NGC 6121成员星的各恒星参数在总体上呈现出空间正相关特性, 表现出空间集聚特征, 但不同恒星参数之间存在差异; 局部空间分布也呈现聚集特征, 而不同的成员星呈现出不同的空间分布特性和趋势. 总体而言, 用地学空间相关分析系统地定量化描述球状星团成员星空间分布特征, 能够为球状星团的研究提供新的思路.
分类： 天文学 提交时间： 2024-01-31 合作期刊: 《天文学报》
摘要： 射电望远镜一般要在宽频段内进行连续观测, 但传统相控阵天线设计方法难以兼顾宽频带和大角度扫描特性. 紧耦合天线的设计方法为宽带大角度扫描天线提供了新的设计思路, 基于此设计了一款宽带双极化\lk Vivaldi相控阵馈源. 首先结合Wheeler提出的连续电流片概念及等效电路对紧耦合原理进行理论分析, 然后针对Vivaldi天线分析了阵元间的强耦合能够有效拓展天线的工作带宽. 在此基础上设计了一款宽带Vivaldi相控阵馈源. 馈源阵列由8$\times$9 Vivaldi天线阵元组成, 该阵列的工作带宽为2--8\;GHz, 并且能够在E面和H面均实现\lk$\pm$45$^\circ$的扫描特性. 最后对该馈源阵列进行了样机加工和测试, 测试结果与仿真结果具有较好的一致性.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2024-01-22
摘要： Objective: Develop effective FY-3E GNOS-R algorithm for global soil moisture retrieval.Methods:1.Incorporate first-order vegetation model, consider density, and volume scattering.2.Use multi-angle GNOS-R observations, combine with SMAP data for optimization.3.Tailor algorithm for diverse surface conditions; parameterize surface roughness based on angle.Results: Achieve enhanced retrieval accuracy, RMSE: 0.0235, 0.0264, 0.0191 (g/cm3) for bare, low vegetation, and dense vegetation areas.Limitations: Limited to one month of data; further testing required for broader applicability.Conclusions: GNOS-R proves a robust tool, surpassing previous techniques for global soil moisture estimation.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文仪器与技术 提交时间： 2024-01-22 合作期刊: 《天文技术与仪器（英文）》
摘要：The conventional zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) model (known as the Saastamoinen model) does not consider seasonal variations affecting the delay, giving it low accuracy and stability. This may be improved with adjustments to account for annual and semi-annual variations. This method uses ZTD data provided by the Global Geodetic Observing System to analyze seasonal variations in the bias of the Saastamoinen model in Asia, and then constructs a model with seasonal variation corrections, denoted as SSA. To overcome the dependence of the model on in-situ meteorological parameters, the SSA+GPT3 model is formed by combining the SSA and GPT3 (global pressure-temperature) models. The results show that the introduction of annual and semi-annual variations can substantially improve the Saastamoinen model, yielding small and time-stable variations in bias and root mean square (RMS). In summer and autumn, the bias and RMS are noticeably smaller than those from the Saastamoinen model. In addition, the SSA model performs better in low-latitude and low-altitude areas, and bias and RMS decease with the increase of latitude or altitude. The prediction accuracy of the SSA model is also evaluated for external consistency. The results show that the accuracy of the SSA model (bias: −0.38 cm, RMS: 4.43 cm) is better than that of the Saastamoinen model (bias: 1.45 cm, RMS: 5.16 cm). The proposed method has strong applicability and can therefore be used for predictive ZTD correction across Asia.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文仪器与技术 提交时间： 2024-01-22 合作期刊: 《天文技术与仪器（英文）》
摘要：An extreme ultraviolet solar corona multispectral imager can allow direct observation of high temperature coronal plasma, which is related to solar flares, coronal mass ejections and other significant coronal activities. This manuscript proposes a novel end-to-end computational design method for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) solar corona multispectral imager operating at wavelengths near 100 nm, including a stray light suppression design and computational image recovery. To suppress the strong stray light from the solar disk, an outer opto-mechanical structure is designed to protect the imaging component of the system. Considering the low reflectivity (less than 70%) and strong-scattering (roughness) of existing extreme ultraviolet optical elements, the imaging component comprises only a primary mirror and a curved grating. A Lyot aperture is used to further suppress any residual stray light. Finally, a deep learning computational imaging method is used to correct the individual multi-wavelength images from the original recorded multi-slit data. In results and data, this can achieve a far-field angular resolution below 7", and spectral resolution below 0.05 nm. The field of view is ±3 R☉ along the multi-slit moving direction, where R☉ represents the radius of the solar disk. The ratio of the corona's stray light intensity to the solar center's irradiation intensity is less than 10−6 at the circle of 1.3 R☉.
分类： 天文学 >> 天体物理学 提交时间： 2024-01-22
摘要： 射电天文图像去卷积是射电天文学中的一项关键数据处理技术, 其主要目标是去除天空图像中由天文观测仪器引入的效应, 从而复原原始的天空图像. 射电望远镜阵列采用稀疏干涉阵列, 成像原理与光学望远镜有所不同. 如果UV 空间中的采样点不足够密集, 将会导致在图像重建时无法获得足够高分辨率的信息, 传统的射电天文图像重建算法未能根本解决UV 空间欠采样的问题. 本文基于压缩感知理论框架, 并结合射电天文图像稀疏性的先验知识, 研究了一种新的射电天文图像去卷积算法, 该算法将脏图的去卷积过程转化为一个旨在求解全局最小化的凸优化问题, 即基于IUWT-CS 的射电干涉图像重建算法. 为了评估该算法的重建性能, 研究使用了射电天文学仿真软件包OSKAR 对SKA1-low 射电望远镜阵列进行模拟观测, 并对观测得到的点源和扩展射电源进行了去卷积处理. 实验结果表明, 与HOGBOM-CLEAN、MS-CLEAN和IUWT-FISTA 方法相比, IUWT-CS 方法显著提高了射电图像的重建质量, 实现了更加精细的去噪和复原效果.
分类： 天文学 >> 天体物理学 提交时间： 2024-01-16
摘要： The pulsar radio emission mechanism remains an enigma since over half a century. A radiation process requires not only to explain the coherency and high degree of polarization of the emission, but also nanobursts, characteristic frequency of emission, and problems like death line, which can#2;not be well understood in the context of long standing cap models and recent models of magnetic reconnection. This article proposes a dynamo process in pulsar magnetosphere. Through centrifu#2;gal force the last closed magnetic field lines can be amplified to a critical value of, BT 104T, which triggers magnetic reconnection responsible for the instability required in coherent curvature radiation, so that a number of problems can be interpreted. The time scale of magnetic field pile up and relaxation can be short or long for young or old pulsars respectively, which naturally account for the diverse intermittencies exhibited in pulsars and FRBs.
分类： 物理学 >> 地球物理学、天文学和天体物理学 提交时间： 2024-01-09 合作期刊: 《Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics》
摘要： Black widows (BWs) are millisecond pulsars ablating their companion stars. The out-flowing material from the companion can block the radio emission of the pulsar, resulting in eclipses. In this paper, we construct a model for the radio eclipse by calculating the geometry of the bow shock between the winds of the pulsar and companion, where the shock shapes the eclipsing medium but had not been described in detail in previous works. The model is further used to explain the variations of the flux density and dispersion measure of three BW pulsars (i.e., PSR B1957+20, J2055+3829, and J2051−0827) detected by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope. Consequently, we constrained the parameters of the three BW systems such as the inclination angles and true anomalies of the observer as well as the mass-loss rates and wind velocity of the companion stars. With the help of these constraints, it is expected that magnetic fields of companion stars and even masses of pulsars could further be determined as some extra observation can be achieved in the future.
分类： 物理学 >> 地球物理学、天文学和天体物理学 提交时间： 2024-01-09 合作期刊: 《Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics》
摘要： Aiming at the subband division of ultra-wide bandwidth low-frequency (UWL) signal (frequency coverage range: 704–4032 MHz) of the Xinjiang 110 m QiTai radio Telescope (QTT), a scheme of ultra-wide bandwidth signal is designed. First, we analyze the effect of different window functions such as the Hanning window, Hamming window, and Kaiser window on the performance of finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters, and implement a critical sampling polyphase filter bank (CS-PFB) based on the Hamming window FIR digital filter. Second, we generate 3328 MHz simulation data of ultra-wideband pulsar baseband in the frequency range of 704–4032 MHz using the ultra-wide bandwidth pulsar baseband data generation algorithm based on the 400 MHz bandwidth pulsar baseband data obtained from Parkes CASPSR observations. Third, we obtain 26 subbands of 128 MHz based on CS-PFB and the simulation data, and the pulse profile of each subband by coherent dispersion, integration, and folding. Finally, the phase of each subband pulse profile is aligned by non-coherent dedispersion, and to generate a broadband pulse profile, which is basically the same as the pulse profile obtained from the original data using DSPSR. The experimental results show that the scheme for the QTT UWL receiving system is feasible, and the proposed channel algorithm in this paper is effective.
分类： 物理学 >> 地球物理学、天文学和天体物理学 提交时间： 2024-01-09 合作期刊: 《Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics》
摘要： The error propagation among estimated parameters reflects the correlation among the parameters. We study the capability of machine learning of "learning" the correlation of estimated parameters. We show that machine learning can recover the relation between the uncertainties of different parameters, especially, as predicted by the error propagation formula. Gravitational lensing can be used to probe both astrophysics and cosmology. As a practical application, we show that the machine learning is able to intelligently find the error propagation among the gravitational lens parameters (effective lens mass ML and Einstein radius θE) in accordance with the theoretical formula for the singular isothermal ellipse (SIE) lens model.
分类： 物理学 >> 地球物理学、天文学和天体物理学 提交时间： 2024-01-09 合作期刊: 《Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics》
摘要： Long-term spectroscopic monitoring campaigns on active galactic nuclei (AGNs) provide a wealth of information about its interior structure and kinematics. However, a number of the observations suffer from the contamination of second-order spectra (SOS) which will introduce some undesirable uncertainties at the red side of the spectra. In this paper, we test the effect of SOS and propose a method to correct it in the time domain spectroscopic data using the simultaneously observed comparison stars. Based on the reverberation mapping (RM) data of NGC 5548 in 2019, one of the most intensively monitored AGNs by the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope, we find that the scientific object, comparison star, and spectrophotometric standard star can jointly introduce up to ∼30% SOS for Grism 14. This irregular but smooth SOS significantly affects the flux density and profile of the emission line, while having little effect on the light curve. After applying our method to each spectrum, we find that the SOS can be corrected effectively. The deviation between corrected and intrinsic spectra is ∼2%, and the impact of SOS on time lag is very minor. This method makes it possible to obtain the Hα RM measurements from archival data provided that the spectral shape of the AGN under investigation does not have a large change.
分类： 物理学 >> 地球物理学、天文学和天体物理学 提交时间： 2024-01-09 合作期刊: 《Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics》
摘要： For high-precision pulsar timing analysis and low-frequency gravitational wave detection, it is essential to accurately determine pulsar pulse times of arrival (ToAs) and associated uncertainties. To measure the ToAs and their uncertainties, various cross-correlation-based techniques can be employed. We develop methodologies to investigate the impact of the template-matching method, profile shape, signal-to-noise ratio of both template and observation on ToA uncertainties. These methodologies are then applied to data from the International Pulsar Timing Array. We demonstrate that the Fourier domain Markov chain Monte Carlo method is generally superior to other methods, while the Gaussian interpolation shift method outperforms other methods in certain cases, such as profiles with large duty cycles or smooth profiles without sharp features. However, it is important to note that our study focuses solely on ToA uncertainty, and the optimal method for determining both ToA and ToA uncertainty may differ.
点击量
通过
点击量
下载量
评论
待评议
