分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Atom interferometers (AIs) as gravitational-wave (GW) detectors have been proposed a decade ago. Both ground and space-based projects will be in construction and preparation in the near future. In this paper, for the first time, we investigate the potential of the space-borne AIs on detecting GW standard sirens and hence the applications on cosmology. We consider AEDGE as our fiducial AI GW detector and estimate the number of bright sirens that would be obtained within a 5-years data-taking period of GW and with the follow-up observation of electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. We then construct the mock catalogue of bright sirens and predict their ability on constraining cosmological parameters such as the Hubble constant, dynamics of dark energy, and modified gravity theory. Our preliminary results show around order $\mathcal{O} (30)$ bright sirens can be obtained from a 5-years operation time of AEDGE and the follow-up observation of EM counterparts. The bright sirens alone can measure $H_0$ with a precision of 2.1\%, which is sufficient to arbitrate the Hubble tension. Combining current most precise electromagnetic experiments, the inclusion of AEDGE bright sirens can improve the measurement of the equation of state of dark energy, though marginally. Moreover, by modifying GW propagation on cosmological scales, the deviations from general relativity (modified gravity theory effects) can be constrained at 5.7\% precision level.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： We construct the catalogues of standard sirens (StS) based on the future gravitational wave (GW) detector networks, i.e., the second-generation ground-based advanced LIGO+advanced Virgo+KAGRA+LIGO-India (HLVKI), the third-generation ground-based Einstein Telescope+two Cosmic Explorer (ET+2CE), and the space-based LISA+Taiji. From the corresponding electromagnetic (EM) counterpart detectors for each networks, we sample the joint GW+EM detections from the probability to construct the Hubble diagram of standard sirens for 10 years detections of HLVKI, 5 years detections of ET+2CE, and 5 years of detections of LISA+Taiji, which we estimate would be available and released in the 2030s. Thus we construct a combined Hubble diagram from these ground and spaced-based detector networks to explore the expansion history of our Universe from redshift 0 to 7. We give a conservative and realistic estimation of the catalogue and Hubble diagram of GW standard sirens and their potential on studying cosmology and modified gravity theory in the 2030s. We adopt two strategies for the forecasts. One is the traditional model-fitting Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo method (MCMC). The results show that the combined StS alone can constrain the Hubble constant at the precision level of $0.34\%$, 1.76 times more tightly than the current most precise measurement from \textit{Planck}+BAO+Pantheon. The joint StS with current EM experiments will improve the constraints of cosmological parameters significantly. The modified gravity theory can be constrained with $0.46\%$ error from the GW propagation. In the second strategy, we use the machine-learning nonparametric reconstruction techniques, i.e., the Gaussian process (GP) with the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a comparison. GP reconstructions can give comparable results with MCMC. We anticipate more works and research on these topics.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Eccentricity of compact binaries can improve the parameter estimation of gravitational waves (GWs). In this paper, we first investigate the parameter estimation of eccentric GWs with decihertz observatory. We consider two scenarios for the configuration of DECIGO, i.e., the one cluster of DECIGO with its design sensitivity and B-DECIGO which also has one cluster but with inferior sensitivity as a comparison. We adopt the Fisher matrix to estimate the parameter errors. By mocking up the typical binaries in GWTC-3, we find a nonvanishing eccentricity can significantly improve the estimation for almost all waveform parameters. In particular, the localization of typical binary black holes (BBH) can achieve $\mathcal{O}(10-10^{3.5})$ factors of improvement when the initial eccentricity $e_0=0.4$ at 0.1 Hz. The precise localization of binary neutron stars (BNS) and neutron star--black hole binaries (NSBH), together with the large improvement of localization of BBH from eccentricity in the mid-band, inspire us to construct the catalogs of golden dark sirens whose host galaxies can be uniquely identified. We find that with only one cluster of DECIGO running 1 year in its design sensitivity, hundreds of golden dark BNS, NSBH, and tens of golden dark BBH can be observed. Eccentricity can greatly increase the population of golden dark BBH from $\sim 7~(e_0=0)$ to $\sim 65~(e_0=0.2)$. Such an increase of population of golden dark BBH events can improve the precision of Hubble constant measurement from 2.06\% to 0.68\%, matter density parameter from 64\% to 16\% in $\Lambda$CDM model. Through the phenomenological parameterization of GW propagation, the constraints of modified gravity can be improved from 6.2\% to 1.6\%. Our results show the remarkable significance of eccentricity for the detection and parameter estimation of GW events, allowing us to probe the Universe precisely.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： In this paper, we investigate the potential of dark sirens by the space-borne atom interferometric gravitational-wave detectors to probe the Hubble constant. In the mid-frequency band, the sources live a long time. The motion of a detector around the Sun as well as in Earth orbit would induce large Doppler and reorientation effects, providing a precise angular resolution. Such precise localization for the GW sources makes it possible to observe the dark sirens with only one potential host galaxy, which are dubbed "golden dark sirens". We construct the catalogs of golden dark sirens and estimate that there are around 79 and 35 golden dark sirens of binary neutron stars (BNS) and binary black holes (BBH) that would be pass the detection threshold of AEDGE in 5 years. Our results show that with 5, 10, and all 79 golden dark BNS tracked by AEDGE one can constrain $H_0$ at 5.5\%, 4.1\%, and 1.8\% precision levels. With 5, 10, and all 35 golden dark BBH one can constrain $H_0$ at 2.2\%, 1.8\%, and 1.5\% precision levels, respectively. It suggests that only 5-10 golden dark BBH by AEDGE are sufficient to arbitrate the current tension between local and high-$z$ measurements of $H_0$.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Eccentricity of the inspiraling compact binaries can greatly improve the distance inference and source localization of dark sirens. In this paper, we continue the research for the space-borne atom interferometric gravitational-wave detector AEDGE and investigate the effects of eccentricity on the dark sirens observed by AEDGE in the mid-band. We simulate five types of typical compact binaries with component mass ranging from $1-100~M_{\odot}$. The largest improvement for both distance inference and localization can be as much as 1.5--3 orders of magnitude. We then construct the catalogs of dark sirens observed by AEDGE in five years. We find eccentricity is crucial to the detection of golden binary black holes (BBH) whose host galaxy can be uniquely identified. With only 5--10 golden dark BBHs one can obtain a 2 percent precision measurement of $H_0$ which is sufficient to arbitrate the Hubble tension. Regardless of eccentricity, AEDGE can also observe tens of golden binary neutron stars (BNS) and neutron star--black hole binaries (NSBH) with unique host galaxies. These golden dark sirens can serve as early warnings for the follow-up observations of gravitational waves in the high frequency band as well as the search of their electromagnetic counterparts. Our results show eccentricity is a crucial factor in the detection, data analysis, and application of GWs with the atom interferometers in the mid-band.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Ligong Bian
Rong-Gen Cai
Shuo Cao
Zhoujian Cao
He Gao
Zong-Kuan Guo
Kejia Lee
Di Li
Jing Liu
Youjun Lu
Shi Pi
Jian-Min Wang
Shao-Jiang Wang
Yan Wang
Tao Yang
Xing-Yu Yang
Shenghua Yu
Xin Zhang
摘要： It has been a half-decade since the first direct detection of gravitational waves, which signifies the coming of the era of the gravitational-wave astronomy and gravitational-wave cosmology. The increasing number of the detected gravitational-wave events has revealed the promising capability of constraining various aspects of cosmology, astronomy, and gravity. Due to the limited space in this review article, we will briefly summarize the recent progress over the past five years, but with a special focus on some of our own work for the Key Project ``Physics associated with the gravitational waves'' supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. In particular, (1) we have presented the mechanism of the gravitational-wave production during some physical processes of the early Universe, such as inflation, preheating and phase transition, and the cosmological implications of gravitational-wave measurements; (2) we have put constraints on the neutron star maximum mass according to GW170817 observations; (3) we have developed a numerical relativity algorithm based on the finite element method and a waveform model for the binary black hole coalescence along an eccentric orbit.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： The localization and distance inference of gravitational waves are two crucial factors for dark sirens as precise probes of cosmology, astrophysics, and fundamental physics. In this Letter, for the first time we investigate the parameter estimation of gravitational waves emitted by the eccentric compact binaries in the mid-frequency (0.1--10 Hz) band. Based on the configuration of one cluster of DECIGO (B-DECIGO), we simulate five types of typical compact binaries in GWTC-3 with component mass ranging from $\mathcal{O}(1\sim100)~M_{\odot}$. For each type of binaries, we assign discrete eccentricities from 0 to 0.4 at 0.1 Hz in $10^3$ random orientations. The multiple harmonics induced by eccentricity can break the degeneracy between parameters. We find that with eccentricity $e_0=0.4$, these typical binaries can achieve $\mathcal{O}(10^2-10^4)$ improvement for the distance inference in the near face-on orientations, compared to the circular case. More importantly, a nonvanishing eccentricity ($0.01\sim0.4$) can significantly improve the source localization of the typical binary black holes, most by $1.5\sim{3.5}$ orders of magnitude. Our result shows the remarkable significance of eccentricity for dark sirens in the mid-band as precise probes of the Universe.
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